Monday, 5 December 2016

Peter Blake Collages

Peter Blake is a very prolific artist, which is very different from those I've researched with folk art in mind, however I recently saw some of his 'USA Series' collage pieces and I thought that they could bear some relevance to the things I've looking at.

Despite being created in the last few years, they definitely have an older aesthetic to them. I really enjoy them as an assemblage of items and ephemera which gives a certain feel or a sense of place.

The use of found objects and imagery creates this authentic feel, even though they aren't personal to Blake or based on his own life. They didn't belong to him, but they belonged to someone which gives that context and backstory (even if it is fictional, or left up to the viewer's own interpretation).


James Dean


Boxer


Excelsior

In some ways, instead of imposing his own personal narrative within these images, Blake has sort of manufactured a narrative by curating all of these secondhand belongings.

When I see these, I think who did they belong to? Where did these things come from?

Although nowadays with the internet, images are widely distributed and used by people from all over the place. However, many years ago collage would have had a level of individuality as the person would have to root through their own belongings and collected materials to create images.

Maybe I could look into this as a technique, but restrict myself to using images from only one place, or source location?

Alfred Wallis

While reading some of the books I've borrowed from the library, there was a section on the art of Alfred Wallis, a fisherman and artist who produced paintings in the first quarter of the 1900s.

He was a self-taught artist who took up the hobby after his wife's death in 1922. I find his paintings really charming, they are very naive in style and have a simple appearance.

Wallis painting in his cottage

Despite their childish aesthetic, they were often based on his own experiences and memories from his time at sea which gives them a genuine quality to me.

"what use To Bee out of my memory what we may never see again..."

Similarly to other 'folk artists', he improvised with his materials - having little money meant he had to be resourceful. Painting on cardboard scraps ripped from packaging and using paints bought from ship supply dealers.

What I like about his work is that it wasn't about accuracy, perspective, scale -- or anything else to do with technical skill, it was about depicting what was familiar and part of his life because he wanted to.

left: The Hold House, Port Mear Square, Island Port Mear Beach, 1932
right: St. Ives, 1928

Two Boats

drawing of a boat on a cigarette box

Study Task 6 | Development

Although I've previously done a pdf document of images and bits of research (see this post), I've found out some more since then. So here is an updated version...

Being There: Conversational Drawing in a Non-Place

A text that was introduced to us in the illustration core texts lecture. I found this particularly interesting, and it could relate to the meaning side of my research, and how meaning = content over appearance.

I could relate Gannon's discussion on drawing, to my exploration of authenticity in visual art/making.

Being There: Conversational Drawing in a Non-Place by Rachel Gannon
Essay from Varoom Mag

Rachel Gannon, sketchbook pages

Also referenced in the text which might be worth looking at later on:

• Auge, M. (1995) Non-Places: introduction to the anthropology of supermodernity.
Verso, London.

• Berger, J. (2007) Berger on Drawing.
Occasional Press, Aghabullogue, Cork.

Jonny Hannah

Jay showed me the work of Jonny Hannah, a print-based illustrator whose images definitely possess a folky quality. He also distributes prints and publications under the name of Cake & Ale Press. This will link my research to contemporary illustration also.

He has also been known to paint and adorn atypical surfaces and materials such as suitcases, guitars, toys, coffee pots, which aligns with the resourceful nature of folk art - using what's around you to create something.

Jonny Hannah on Heart Agency website


I got Jonny's book 'Greetings from Darktown: An Illustrator's Miscellany' from the library. Although the book doesn't claim a direct link to folk art, it is clear from the blurb that he is influenced by the vernacular arts:

'...A mysterious coastal town of arcane establishments inhabited by folk legends, jazz artistes, tattooed sailors and the action hero Rocket Man. Accompanying Jonny are the writers Philip Hoare and Peter Chrisp, who explore the eclectic influences on Hannah's work'

The motifs within his illustrations are reminiscent of past eras, seaside towns, tattoo parlours. Handrawn typography is also a huge part of his work, which reminds me of hand-painted shop fronts and signage from old-timey funfairs and amusements.


illustrations from 'Greetings from Darktown'

pg 13. Animating the Impossible: The Art of Jonny Hannah by Philip Hoare

'Hannah's art is applied in the best sense. It bursts out of his brain and on to the page, on to wood, through a silk or even a computer screen.'

'It is provincial, anachronistic, transatlantic, European, futuristic, international'

'Prolific, self-propagating, it is full of pattern and surface, sliding over entire time zones: from nineteenth-century sailors and whalers, through 1920s movies and French nouvelle vague, from smoky jazz dives in Harlem to salty promenades of semi-forgotten resorts and haunted ports.'

'Hannah's is a new vernacular, a folk art for the twenty-first century, entirely closed-in...yet far-ranging and unlimited by mere practicalities, for all that it is sourced in the apparently commonplace'

pg 14. '...somewhere you might reach through the lanes of a Paul Nash or an Eric Ravilious landscape, via Peter Blake, along Route 66, in the company of Charlie Parker and Hank Williams.'

'Every image that Hannah creates has its own narrative; each picture and illustration and assemblage is its own short story. If he weren't an artist, Hannah would be a writer or a British version of the French flâneur, a dandy figure wandering the streets in search of new sensation.'


pg 15. '...his characteristic typefaces are woven through his pieces as a continuing theme: a Victorian or Edwardian sampler, a Powell and Pressburger film, a sideshow at the Festival of Britain, a speakeasy in New York.'

'Hannah's world revolves around his fertile, magpie imagination, picking up that which history and our contemporary culture have left behind'



I really like how this practitioners work is an assemblage of his interests and influences, but there are also hidden narratives and personal aspects which give something authentic and unique to the pieces - going beyond just copying or emulating a style.

I think this is what's important when I come to doing my own practical/visual work, to make historical and other references and connections, whilst imposing my own story, narrative and meaning on to them.

Monday, 28 November 2016

British Folk Art | More notes

Further notes from reading this book.

          pg 14 - 'The appeal of folk, of the amateur or non-artist, may be that they come with a very unique skill set rooted in a vocational knowledge that influences a particular visual language'

          pg 15 - 'shop signs and their symbols descended from heraldry or history...

...These oversized objects as signs pre-dated numbered addresses and would have acted as a kind of shorthand understood by the illiterate or the traveller'

Shop signs

          pg 15 - 'But the folk painter is interested in more than just symbols...he is very much a storyteller, not averse to embellishing his picture with an accompanying text or short story to set the scene, or a rhyme that might give the viewer a smile'

'(Referring to the Tate exhibition)...This is an exhibition of strange and exquisite objects, and though we may not know the name of every maker, all were created by individuals'

'At a time when 3D printing can manufacture guns or replicate machines with moving parts, the reminder of the hand-made object, with its brilliant imperfections and anomalies, is a thing to celebrate'

Fred Mizen with the Lion and the Unicorn
from the Festival of Britain 1951

Tutorial & Ideas for Practical

Discussing my ideas in the tutorial today made me realise I'm more on track than I feel I am. I am enjoying my research at the moment, and I find compiling information from all of these different sources and making connections between them to be really interesting.


Although I think my research could very well fit into more than one category (such as historical, aesthetic, social...) it was decided that I should class it within the theme of Culture. Although this word embodies a lot of different things itself.

When looking at the definition of culture, it seems to be quite fitting to the work I've been doing so far:

1. the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively

2. the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society

The tutorial brought up some possible areas for me to research and look into, including:

• Looking at theory/texts from fields such as anthropology, art theory, sociology
• Authenticity - and its relation to meaning/value in visual arts
• Narrative - communicating stories, a message, or values
• Work focusing on meaning rather than aesthetic/accuracy


mind map from sketchbook

I'm starting to bring together theory and the practical side of things to see where I could take my work when I begin my sketchbook exploration.

In terms of image making, I think I should focus on looking at and using symbols, pictograms, simple forms combined with bright colours to depict bigger ideas and themes in a simple way (much like on the quilts I've been looking at, when small appliqué designs are sewn on to a larger piece)

I even thought about making my practical research more personal, relating it to me, my heritage, where I'm from. This would involve carrying out primary research too which is authentic and would allow my project to take it's own route.

This personal aspect would go hand-in-hand with folk art, as it would be about family, stories, real people and places. There is also the regional quality of it too.

Primary research is something I enjoyed doing last year too with my visual narratives project. Collecting original information in this way could be beneficial to my work this time around too.

Study Task 2 | Establishing a Research Question

What is your theme?

• Folk art and meaning in the visual arts
• Meaning through: communicating ideas, stories, messages, authenticity of aesthetic and content, real people and real experiences

Why?

• I'm personally interested in this, and it feeds into my own work and what I think is important within it (meaning, authenticity).

Who are your theorists - what texts - sources of info?

The Unsophisticated Arts - Barbara Jones
(Little Toller Books, Dorset, 2013)

British Folk Art - Ruth Kenny, Jeff McMillan, Martin Myrone
(Tate Publishing, London, 2014)

Illustration: A Theoretical and Contextual Perspective - Alan Male
(AVA Publishing, 2007)

Practitioners or practical examples?

Grayson Perry



The Agony in the Car Park, 2012

The Rosetta Vase, 2011


More to come.........

Who or what are your 'primary' theorists or texts?

• I don't have any 'primary' theorists or texts yet. So far, I've been reading and looking at people who are practitioners themselves, or who have ideas on art theory, social theory, etc.

• Barbara Jones (artist, curator, writer), Jean Dubuffet (Collection de l'art brut), Jeff McMillan (artist), Martin Myrone (curator), Edward Bawden (Life in an English Village)

• Lawrence Zeegen (when talking about illustration)

• Need to read more into art theories on folk/naive/lo-fi art...

How is it related to visual culture / image making / illustration?

• Meaning in the visual arts, the art of the people, how meaning is communicated through symbolism, content, and message, and an accurate style or aesthetic isn't completely needed to aid this.

• The idea of authenticity, ideas coming from personal experiences and feelings, thoughts, stories, conversations, myths, stories that have been passed down. 

• Formal training / accurate artistic style isn't necessary in order to provide authentic and meaningful pieces of art.

Monday, 14 November 2016

The Unsophisticated Arts by Barbara Jones (2013)


Foreword by Peter Blake

• 'My interests were very much toward the popular arts: fairground decoration, typography, seaside souvenirs'

Life in an English Village - Edward Bawden (1949)
The Isle of Wight - Barbara Jones (1950)
• Festival of Britain exhibition, Whitechapel Gallery 'Black Eyes and Lemonade' (Organised by Barbara Jones and Tom Ingram) (1951)

Introduction by Simon Costin

• '...I find myself at home surrounded by many of the objects Barbara Jones wrote about: fairground art, waxworks, Punch & Judy figures, stuffed animals, corn dollies, fireworks, shell-encrusted vases...'

• pg 10 (regarding the Black Eyes and Lemonade exhibition) '...is it folk art? Is it vernacular art? Is it pop art or outsider art?'

• pg 10-11 '..by putting the machine-made and the hand-made side by side, she blurred the boundaries between what was considered art'

Black Eyes and Lemonade, exhibition poster from 1951

Preface by Barbara Jones

• pg 15 'This book is about the things that people make for themselves or that are manufactured in their taste'

• 'Most of the folk arts are dead, or self-consciously preserved by societies. Most of them were handicrafts; we can say with certainty that smocking, quilting, Morris dancing, mumming, corn dollies, weaving, and so on, are definitely folk'

• 

Proposal Outline

Here is a basic outline of my research for today's seminar session. I've included the mind map to show my thought process and themes, as well as including historical and contextual references to support it.

Sunday, 13 November 2016

From Folk Culture to Modern British | Varoom Mag

An article from Varoom 11, 2009
[website]


Hopefully they will have more issues of Varoom in the library so I can take a closer look.

Collecting Texts & Articles

MEANING/PURPOSE/AUTHORSHIP IN THE VISUAL ARTS

• 'Where is the content? Where is the comment?' Lawrence Zeegen (2012)

• 'The Fundamentals of Illustration' Lawrence Zeegen

'The Missing Critical History of Illustration' Rick Poynor, Print Magazine, 2010

'Illustration: A Theoretical and Contextual Perspective' Alan Male


CONTEXTUAL RESEARCH

• 'British Folk Art' Ruth Kenny, Jeff McMillan, Martin Myrone

• 'The Unsophisticated Arts' by Barbara Jones

• http://www.trebuchet-magazine.com/british-folk-art-tate-britain/

• https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/09/british-folk-art-review-tate-britain

---> Stuff like this is often damned with the faint praise of being called craft rather than art. What's the difference? Art has ideas and imagination. Classing popular art as craft is a way of stripping it of power, by seeing it as mere handiwork without any deep meaning."

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/may/23/folk-art-tate-britain

"Blending the lines between high and low, art and artefact"

• http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/british-folk-art

• http://blog.courtauld.ac.uk/researchforum/martin-myrone-like-a-great-circus-tent-folk-art-art-history-and-the-museum/

 Military Quilts/Crimean War Quilts -  http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/m/military-quilt/

 Estonian Lending Library/Decorative books - http://www.nlib.ee/national-library-of-estonia-celebrates-its-anniversary-with-an-exhibition-on-the-metsiku-lending-library-and-a-book-about-the-librarys-archival-collection/

 Margarete Naumann lace designs 

FURTHER LINKS AND SUBJECTS

 Grayson Perry - pottery and tapestries. Depict everyday people and stories.
http://visualarts.britishcouncil.org/exhibitions/touring/grayson-perry-the-vanity-of-small-differences

 http://www.call-me-naive.com/tag/british-folk-art/

 Museum of British Folklore -   http://www.museumofbritishfolklore.com/news_archive/

Wednesday, 9 November 2016

British Folk Art | Tate Britain Book

'This publication...traces a number of interesting thresholds
between the worlds of 'fine' and 'folk' art' (pg 6)

still from The House That Jack Built, 1958, British Pathé

• 'Every man is an artist' - Joseph Beuys

• Jeff McMillan's essay 'The House that Jack Built'

          pg 11 - 'British visual culture today draws from its own rich history of folk art. With artists like Tracey Emin making quilts and embroideries, Grayson Perry producing tapestries and pots, and Bob and Roberta Smith painting signs, what were once traditional approaches have been updated and embraced by contemporary art.

• Folk Archive (2005) - exhibition by Jeremy Deller and Alan Kane

          pg 12 - 'Broadly speaking, outsider art involves a self-taught artist working in a particularly idiosyncratic, highly individual manner, often driven by compulsion, desire, or religious fervour'

          'A generalisation about folk art might be to say that it has its origin in tradition. It has been passed down and therefore is representative of a collective'

          The word folk 'works like an umbrella to cover many other terms such as 'vernacular', 'popular', 'rural', 'traditional' and is a second cousin to labels like 'self-taught', 'naive', and 'outsider'.

          'The exhibition spans some 300 years from the mid-seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century - an end date that reflects the period before folk art arguably became a commodity or too self-conscious'

Crimean War quilt c.1850 - 1900

          pg 13 - 'In 1769 when the Royal Academy was established, there was a desire to distinguish the fine arts from crafts, so that 'no needlework, artificial flowers, cut paper, shell work, or any such baubles should be admitted'...'

          'A great quality to be found in many works of folk art is the inventive use of waste or excess materials...This is an art mostly by, and for, the working class'

          'Many of these works represent a kind of condensation: a thing boiled down to its essence. The sense of time, the sheer labour involved, along with the at times intimate, miniaturised scale, suggest an interior (or internalised) work...

          For sailors working at sea, this is evidence of killing time. For young girls, long hours spent embroidering alphabets and maps demonstrating that they had learnt useful skills, knowledge, commitment and maturity'

Study Task 4 | Images Through Theory

We were put into pairs and allocated words/terms at random. We had to find the following:• Definition
• How it relates to visual culture / any examples of theory
• Examples of images
• How could you use it to interpret your theme/question?

1. Meta-communication

Communication about communication. It is secondary communication (including indirect cues) about how a piece of information is meant to be interpreted. It is based on the idea that the same message accompanied by different meta-communication can mean something entirely different, for example with irony where the opposite is meant.

The term was popularised by Gregory Bateson to refer to "communication about communication", which he expanded to refer to "all exchanged cues and propositions about (a) codification* and (b) relationship between the communicators".

*in linguistics, codification is the process of standardizing and developing a norm for a language.

Theory - Psychology - In the early 70s, Gregory Bateson coined the term to describe the underlying messages in what we say and do. Meta-communication is all the nonverbal cues (tone of voice, body language, gestures, facial expression, etc.) that carry meaning to enhance/disallow what we say in words.

How it relates to visual culture? - Advertising, branding, logos are a universal language of sorts and can communicate a corporation or service and its values by using simple shapes, pictograms, and visual symbols.


Road signs designed by Margaret Calvert and Jock Kinneir. They are simple and easy to understand, used nationally as well as internationally.

Very well-known examples of logos that represent entire corporations. We see the McDonalds logo and immediately understand that we can go there to eat.

2. Realism

The quality or fact of representing a person or thing in a way that is accurate and true to life.

Realism (art movement) - Revolted against the aesthetic traits of the Romantic movement (exotic subject matter, exaggerated dramatised emotionalism) and instead intended to portray real life and typical situations and people. Unpleasant aspects of life and reality would not be ignored, as conveying a sense of accuracy was important.

Realist works depicted people of all walks of life and tended to reflect changes brought along by the Industrial and Commercial revolutions.

How does it relate to visual culture? - Regarding the actual art movement of Realism, or an aesthetic style in which the subject matter is conveyed in a realistic manner. In terms of illustration, it could relate to reportage or documentary art where the style may not look 100% accurate but its content is based on real people, conversations, and experiences.

Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857

Olivier Kugler's reportage illustration

How could this relate to my research?

I could use what I found out about metacommunication and its relation to advertising/signage and focus on using visual symbols and pictograms to communicate something visually in a simple and straightforward way, hoping that it could be readily understood by an audience.

With realism, I could relate it to my research by basing my practical work on information that links to real people, places, communities, as opposed to it being completely imaginary or made up.